Reading:
- Has no knowledge of the alphabet,
- Has no ability at this level

Writing:
- Has no knowledge of the alphabet.
- Has no ability at this level.

Listening:
- Has no exposure to the language.
- Recognizes familiar words and very basic phrases.

Speaking:
- Has no exposure to the language

Reading:
- Understands main ideas in short, straightforward texts.
- Can follow simple instructions or directions.

Writing:
- Writes simple paragraphs with basic sentences.
- Uses common vocabulary and some grammar rules correctly.

Listening:
- Grasps the main points in clear, slowly spoken conversations.
- Understands everyday expressions and high-frequency words.

Speaking:
- Engages in simple conversations on familiar topics.
- Pronunciation is generally understandable but not always accurate.

Reading:
- Understands short texts on familiar topics with some details.
- Can comprehend basic articles and simple narratives.

Writing:
- Writes brief texts on familiar subjects.
- Shows an ability to express simple opinions and ideas.

Listening:
- Understands the main idea and some details in standard conversations.
- Can follow short talks on familiar topics.

Speaking:
- Participates in everyday conversations with some hesitation.
- Pronunciation is mostly clear, with occasional errors.

Reading:
- Understands detailed information in short, familiar texts.
- Can read and grasp the main ideas in uncomplicated news articles.

Writing:
- Writes longer texts with more complex sentences.
- Uses a broader range of vocabulary and grammar.

Listening:
- Understands most of the content in conversations on familiar topics.
- Can follow the main ideas in discussions and presentations.

Speaking:
- Communicates effectively in everyday situations.
- Pronunciation is generally clear, with minor errors that do not impede understanding.

Reading:
- Understands detailed information and arguments in longer texts.
- Reads various materials, including articles and some literature.

Writing:
- Writes clear, detailed texts on a variety of topics.
- Demonstrates good control over vocabulary and complex grammar.

Listening:
- Understands extended speech and lectures on familiar subjects.
- Can follow complex discussions with occasional clarification.

Speaking:
- Engages in conversations fluently and spontaneously.
- Pronunciation is clear and natural, with minor mistakes.

Reading:
- Comprehends complex texts, including abstract and technical material.
- Reads a wide range of texts with ease, including academic articles.

Writing:
- Writes detailed, well-structured texts on complex subjects.
- Demonstrates a high level of vocabulary and grammatical accuracy.

Listening:
- Understands virtually all spoken language, including idiomatic expressions.
- Follows complex and fast-paced conversations and presentations.

Speaking:
- Speaks fluently and accurately on a wide range of topics.
- Pronunciation is near-native, with only occasional slips.